Local authorities have generated more than £1bn from low emission, clean air and zero emission zones since April 2019, new research has revealed.
During that time, 10 local authorities brought in £1,044,381,971 in fees and penalty charge notices (PCNs), Peugeot found.
While there are now 13 such zones being enforced across the UK, no data was provided for Aberdeen or Edinburgh, where enforcement only began in June, or by Bristol City Council.
The London Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) accounts for £875m of the income generated since April 2019, when the 24-hour ULEZ was introduced.
In nine of the zones, drivers of non-compliant vehicles are charged an entry fee and PCNs are issued for those who fail to pay, although private cars are exempt in five.
The four low emission zones in Scotland ban vehicles that do not meet requirements, with no option of an entry fee.
The Transport Act 2000 requires local authorities in England to re-invest any surplus revenue from clean air zones (above operational costs) into the delivery of local transport policies.
