Councillors on Birmingham City Council's planning committee have rejected proposals to demolish the historic Bull Ring Indoor Market.
The site's owner, Hammerson, is seeking to replace the market building with up to 1,544 student bed spaces or 745 apartments.
A spokesperson for Hammerson told the BBC the decision was ‘deeply frustrating’ and had been focused on a non-planning matter.
Cllr Lee Marsham commented: ‘There is a strong case to change the market and make it develop and thrive in new ways in the decades and centuries ahead.
‘At the moment, I don't think this scheme in front of us is the scheme which is right for this city.’